Classification |
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Ostéichthyen Syngnathiformes
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54 espèces |
Références web | |
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fishbase | divegallery |
Description | |
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Identification keys to Hippocampinae (fishbase) |
Etymologies | Source | |
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Syngnathidae | Greek syn = with, together + Greek, gnathos = jaw | fishbase |
Hippocampinae | Greek ippos = horse + Greek kampe = curvature | fishbase |
Hippocampus barbouri | ||
fishbase / ADW / reefbuilders / projectseahorse | Synonymes
Barbour's seahorse |
Jordan & Richardson, 1908 / VU / ITIS 645005 |
2009 aquarium (Monterey) by Jim G (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2014 Philippines ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) | 1978 Jeneponto (Sulawesi) ©Randall, John E. (via fishbase) |
2018 Philippines ©Mark Rosenstein (via INaturalist) | 2009 aquarium (San Diego) by Stickpen (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2004 Cebu (Philippines) by Philippe Poppe (via Encyclopedia of Life) |
2010 aquarium (Karlsruhe) by H. Zell (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2012 aquarium (Monterey) by Jim G (via Wikimedia Commons) | |
Indonésie & Philippines | Thorny seahorse | tropical |
well developed spines, including a sharp eye and nose spine and a double cheek spine; first dorsal spine curved slightly backward; tail with a series of long and short spines is relatively short; snout slender and striped (rayé); coronet moderately high with four or five spines; fine lines radiate out from the eye; from white to yellow to greenish gray to light brown, and may have reddish brown spots or lines on the body | ||
6-12m / 15 cm | pairing (Throughout pregnancy, males and females strengthen pair bonds with daily greetings), sexually dimorphic: :females slightly smaller | often clinging to hard coral and doesn't seem to be worried about stingers, piètre nageur |
Hippocampus barbouri | ||
Hippocampus bargibanti | ||
fishbase / souslesmers / aquaportail / doris / en.wiki / australianmuseum / fishesofaustralia / fishipedia | Synonymes
Pygmy seahorse |
Whitley, 1970 / DD / ITIS 645006 |
2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) |
2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via GooglePhotos) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) |
2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via GooglePhotos) | 2019 Bali ©Matty Testoni (via INaturalist) | 2018 Bali ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) |
2009 Lembeh by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2016 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2015 Tulamben (Bali) by Ian V Shaw (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2008 by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2006 by Jenny (JennyHuang) (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2006 Philippines by Peter van den Eynde (via Encyclopedia of Life) |
2006 Indonesie by Tukas Grabowski (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2010 Indonesie by Tukas Grabowski (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2013 Philippines by Jonathan Lavan (via Encyclopedia of Life) |
yellow version,
2006 Lembeh by Jens Petersen (via Wikimedia Commons) |
yellow version,
2008 Lembeh by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons) |
yellow version,
2014 Lembeh by Manuae (via Wikimedia Commons) |
Borneo by Willphase (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) | yellow version,
2014 by Jürgen Donauer (via Wikimedia Commons) |
Indo & WPacifiq | Hippocampe pygmée | tropical |
coronet, a rounded knob; spine & irregular bulbous tubercles scattered over body and tail; a single prominent rounded eye spine; a single low rounded cheek spine; single prominent rounded eye spine; head and body very fleshy, mostly without recognizable body rings; snout extremely short; color pattern: pale grey or purple with pink or red tubercles, or yellow version (≠denise <tubercules) | ||
16-40m / 2-2.4 cm
video |
monogame, courtship | only on Muricella, assez rare |
Hippocampus bargibanti |
Hippocampus denise | ||
fishbase / doris / fr.wiki / souslesmers / aquaportail / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / hippoandco / inaturalist | Synonymes
Denise's pygmy seahorse / Hippocampe pygmée jaune/ Hippocampe pygmée grêle |
Lourie & Randall, 2003 / DD / ITIS 645014 |
2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist) | cherchez-le ! 2019 Cabilao (Ph) ©mda (via INaturalist) |
2008 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) |
2011 Misool (Raja Ampat) by Karen Honeycutt (via fishbase) | 2016 Bali by Paul Kli (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2014 Wakatobi (ID) by Christian Gloor (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2006 by Jenny (JennyHuang) (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2014 Sorong (ID) by Elias Levy (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2017 Romblon (Ph) by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2015 Bali ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2015 Bali ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons) |
WPacifiq | Hippocampe denise | tropical |
un corps fin; no spines above the eye; museau court; entièrement lisse ou muni de quelques excroissances bulbeuses (bcp moins nb et développées que chez barbiganti); jaune, plus ou moins vif, à l'orange avec souvent de petits points sombres avec possibilité d'avoir des bandes plus sombres au niveau de la queue (body ornamentation in the form of tubercles, can match the stems and polyps of their gorgonian hosts) | ||
13-90m / 2.2cm | Ovoviviparous, courtship | in gorgonian seafans (Annella, Muricella, or Echinogorgia); +actif que bargibanti |
Hippocampus denise | ||
Hippocampus guttulatus | ||
fishbase / souslesmers / doris / mer-littoral / aquaportail / marlin / cotebleue / monaconature | Synonymes
Hippocampus ramulosus / Long-snouted seahorse |
Cuvier, 1829 / DD / ITIS 645018 |
2007 by Massimiliano De Martino (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2005 Herault by Didier Borg (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2010 aquarium (Monterey) by FASTILY (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2011 Rab (Croatie) by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase) | 2011 Kas Antalya (Turkey) by Altug Tosun (via fishbase) | 2011 Rab (Croatie) by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase) |
1999 Sardegna (It) by Marco Busdraghi (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2018 Croatia by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase) | |
2015 Trieste (It) by Marco Busdraghi (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2007 Black Sea (Roumanie) by Florin DUMITRESCU (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2018 Slovenia by Roberto Pillon (via fishbase) |
Eastern Atlantiq, Méditerranée & black Sea | Hippocampe moucheté | temperate & subtropical |
coronet: small but distinct, with 5 rounded knobs or blunt points; horizontal plate in front of coronet as high as coronet itself, with a more or less prominent spine at its front edge; prominent rounded eye spines; from dark green to brown; prominent white spots on body (often with a dark ring around them) which tend to coalesce into horizontal wavy lines; may be variously mottled or with pale ‘saddles’ across dorsolateral surface | ||
?-20m / 18 cm (jsq 21 cm) / 4-7 ans | monogame, early age at maturity, rapid growth rate, short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season | among algae and eel grass or on in gravel bottoms; démersal, sédentaire, courant |
Hippocampus guttulatus |
Hippocampus hippocampus | ||
fishbase / doris / dinosoria / marlin / aquaportail / cotebleue / souslesmers / fishipedia | Synonymes
Short snouted seahorse |
Linnaeus, 1758 / DD / ITIS 166497 |
2008 NL by Joke Maller (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2007 aquarium (Galicia/Sp) ©Drow male (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2008 NL by Luc Rooman (via Encyclopedia of Life) |
2012 Belgium ©Hans Hillewaert (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2013 Açores © Rino (via INaturalist) | 2002 ©Massimiliano DE MARTINO (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2019 Gibraltar ©Whodden (via INaturalist) | 2019 NL ©Stefan (via INaturalist) | 2019 NL ©Stefan (via INaturalist) |
2018 NL ©v_Stefan (via INaturalist) | 2018 NL ©v_Stefan (via INaturalist) | |
Eastern Atlantiq & Méditerranée | Hippocampe commun | subtropical |
Coronet: narrow, ridge-like and joined smoothly to nape of neck; very short snout; prominent eye spine; mottled brown to yellow, to maroon and rust; also orange, purple or black; sometimes with tiny white dots | ||
?-60m / 12-15 cm / 4-5 ans | short generation time and multiple breeding cycles during each spawning season; during the mating season, mature males and females have been observed to change hue (become brighter), when greeting, courting, or mating | démersal, rare, on soft bottoms amongst rocks and algae, hide among the vegetation mimicking the color of plants, limited daily movements, sédentaire |
Hippocampus hippocampus | ||
Hippocampus histrix | ||
fishbase / souslesmers / fr.wiki / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / hippoandco | Synonymes
Thorny seahorse |
Kaup, 1856 / VU / ITIS 644933 |
2016 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) |
juvénile, 2010 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) | Alor (ID) by Silke Baron (via fishesofaustralia) | 2017 Bali ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) |
2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2006 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2007 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2010 Philippines by Harry Klerks (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2012 Batangas (Ph) by Nicolas Bailly (via fishbase) | 2012 Timor by prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2012 Lembeh Alor (ID) by Silke Baron (via fishesofaustralia) | 2013 Dahab (Egypt) ©Tim Sheerman-Chase (via Wikimedia Commons) | noter le petit Gobie sur le cou,
2014 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2014 Wakatobi (ID) by Christian Gloor (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2010 Lembeh by prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2010 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) |
Indo-WCPacifiq & Mer Rouge | Hippocampe hérissé | tropical |
mince, allongé et entièrement couvert d'épines pointues avec l'extrémité sombre; sur le corps, longues épines qui se poursuivent jusqu'à la couronne; tête également munie de nombreuses épines sur le front, la base des joues, le nez et au-dessus des yeux; museau très long et effilé; teinte variable et dépend de l'environnement: du gris au crème en passant par le jaune vif, au vert, au brun et au rouge, unie ou avec motifs; une ou plusieurs fines lignes blanches sur le museau | ||
15-40m / 15-17cm / 4-5 ans | monogame | in shallow sheltered reefs, large adults among drifting debris, rare |
Hippocampus histrix |
Hippocampus kuda | ||
fishbase / aquaportail / fr.wiki / souslesmers | Synonymes
Spotted seahorse |
Bleeker, 1852 / VU / ITIS 166495 |
2011 Raja Ampat ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2011 Raja Ampat ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2017 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) |
2012 Dauin (Ph) ©Andrey Ryanskiy (via fishbase) | 2012 aquarium (LDN) by Emőke Dénes (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2009 Lembeh ©prilfish (via Wikimedia Commons) |
hiding amongst sponges of the same color,
2012 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2009 Timor by Nick Hobgood (via Wikimedia Commons) | 2018 Lembeh by Rickard Zerpe (via Wikimedia Commons) |
Indo-WPacifi& Red Sea | Hippocampe d'estuaire | tropical |
assez imposant, allongé; sans épines; toutes les protubérances sont arrondies; tête grande, museau épais et court; couronne petite se dressant vers l'arrière parfois comportant des filaments plus ou moins longs; qqx ligne noire traversant la dorsale dans le sens de sa largeur; couleur sombre avec une texture granuleuse ou jaune, crème ou rougeâtre avec des taches et de nombreux petits points sombres | ||
<68m / 14-30cm | monogamy not confirmed; 20-1000 larvae in incubating sacks; time of development is 20-28 days | in seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; adults in pairs; benthiq |
Hippocampus kuda | ||
Hippocampus spinosissimus | ||
fishbase / en.wiki / fishesofaustralia / projectseahorse / nationalmuseum.ph | Synonymes
Hedgehog seahorse |
Weber, 1913 / VU / ITIS 166507 |
2012 Lembeh (Sulawesi) ©mda (via INaturalist) | 2016 Lembeh ©seahorses_of_the_world (via INaturalist) | 2019 Lembeh ©Tsu Soo Tan (via INaturalist) |
pregnant male, 2013 Pattaya (Thaïland) ©Tse-Lynn Loh (via Encyclopedia of Life) | pregnant male, 2015 Thaïland ©Rahul Meh-unpronouncable (via Encyclopedia of Life) | 2015 Lembeh (Sulawesi) by Steve Childs (via Wikimedia Commons) |
2020 Lembeh ©Dan Schofield (via INaturalist) | 2010 Cambodge ©ssimps (via INaturalist) | 2019 Lembeh ©Jim Greenfield (via INaturalist) |
Indo-WPacifiq | Hippocampe hérisson | (sub)tropical |
long snout and a low coronet; spines vary through life, with juveniles being more spiny than adults; yellow-orange to deep red or dark brown snout, a dark front of head, and pale grey saddles or bands over the trunk and tail | ||
?-70m / 17 cm / 4-5 ans | on muddy or sandy bottoms, living among algal tufts, or attached to various substrates through the prehensile tail | |
Hippocampus spinosissimus | ||
MàJ 13/03/2023